University of Wisconsin-Madison
Policies/guidelines governing research:
Response to NASA Questionnaire
by University of Wisconsin-Madison concerning impact of the ITAR on university
research (16 October 2000).
Office of Research and Sponsored Programs
Graduate School, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Policies Concerning Research Sponsored by Industry
See especially the sections titled: The Nature of University of Wisconsin-Madison
Research and Publications.
Research Policies and Guidelines
All applicable university, state and federal regulations that govern
research.
General Administrative Policy Papers (GAPP)
Financial Administration of Extramural Support (GAPP 2): See
Section V.B.6 for the UW's publication policy and Section V.B.9 which
sets University policy for the transfer of ownership of data.
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Space Science and Engineering Center,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
SSEC Export Control Procedure
" ...intended to help SSEC employees and others associated with SSEC projects
comply with the export control requirements of the International Traffic in Arms
Regulations (ITAR)" (16 November 2000). Revised March 2008.
Actions, briefings, correspondence pertaining to the ITAR:
ITAR
Briefing to the SSEC Council covering history of the ITAR,
recent changes, impact on university research, SSEC activities and plans
to date (6 November 2000).
Information distributed internally:
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United States Department of State
Exemption concerning higher learning institutions
Includes text from the
Federal Register: March 29, 2002
(Volume 67, Number 61). "This rule amends the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
by establishing an exemption for accredited U.S. institutions of higher learning from
obtaining a license for the permanent export, temporary export, and temporary
import of most articles fabricated only for fundamental research purposes
covered by category XV(a) or (e) of the U.S. Munitions List...."
Directorate of Defense Trade Controls
The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, in accordance with §§ 38-40 of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) (22 U.S.C. 2778-2780) and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) (22 CFR Parts 120-130), is charged with controlling the export and temporary import of defense articles and defense services covered by the United States Munitions List (USML).
Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR)
Published by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA),
Office of the Federal Register and the Government Printing Office. The
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is a codification of the general and
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive departments
and agencies of the Federal Government. The CFR online is a joint project
authorized by the publisher,the National Archives and Records Administration's
Office of the Federal Register, and the Government Printing Office (GPO)
to provide the public with enhanced access toGovernment information.
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
22
CFR 120-130 (January 1, 1999 -- January 1, 2000 not yet
available online)
The Arms Export Control Act is implemented by the ITAR. Complete
text of the ITAR. See Part 120, "Purpose and Definitions," for definitions
of such terms as: technical data, public domain, U.S. person, foreign
person, export. Part 121 describes what is included in the U.S.
Munitions List.
United
States Code (USC, 1994, supplement 4)
The United States Code is a codification of all general and permanent
laws of the United States. It is prepared and published by the Office
of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives. This database,
available through NARA, contains the general and permanent laws of the
United States.
Foreign Relations and Intercourse, Arms Export Control
22 USC
2751-2799
The Arms Export Control Act is codified in the U.S. Code
and implemented by the ITAR. Section 2771, military sales authorizations;
Section 2778, control of arms exports and imports; Section 2780, transactions
with countries supporting acts of international terrorism.
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United States Department of Commerce
Bureau of Industry and Security
(BIS, formerly the Bureau of Export Admin.)
Includes current BIS issues; initiatives; rules, regulations and lists;
getting help; news, etc.
Revision and Clarification of Deemed Export Related Regulatory Requirements.
BIS publishes Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in the Federal Register,
28 March 2005.
Export Administration Regulations
The Export Administration Act is implemented by the Export Administration
Regulations. These regulations are issued by the United States Department
of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) under laws relating
to the control of certain exports, reexports, and activities. The
Schwerdtfeger Library subscribes to the comprehensive looseleaf version
of the Regulations which provides the latest rules.
The text of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, can be
found under "Legal Authority for the EAR" link on the
EAR Database page.
Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration
15 CFR 700-774 (January 1, 1999 -- January 1,2000 not yet available
online) Part 734 details the scope of the regulations.
Commerce Business Daily, August 8, 2000, Special Notices
Request For Information (RFI) Difficulties Encountered Under ITAR
for Satellite-Based Fundamental Research
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United States Department of Defense
Export Controls: Export-Controlled Technology at Contractor, University,
and Federally Funded Research and Development Center Facilities(D-2004-061).
[Arlington, VA], Department of Defense, Office of the Inspector General,
2004.
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NASA Headquarters
NASA Export Control Program
Includes NASA's policy statement, briefing on NASA's export control program,
contacts, and a link to the U.S.
Export Control Laws and Regulations.
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Association of American Universities
The Association of American Universities
(AAU) was founded in 1900 by a group of fourteen universities offering the
Ph.D. degree. The AAU currently consists of fifty-nine American universities
and two Canadian universities. Approximately half are public institutions
and half are private (UW-Madison is a member).
The association serves its members in two major ways. First, it assists
them in developing national policy positions on issues that relate to
academic research and graduate and professional education. Second, it
provides them with a forum for discussing a broad range of other institutional
issues, such as undergraduate education."
One research issue important to the AAU is the
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), including:
National security controls and university research:
Information for investigators and administrators.
Prepared by the Association of American Universities for the Department
of Defense-University Forum. Washington, DC, AAU, 1987. 10p. Available
in the Schwerdtfeger Library.
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Council on Governmental Relations
"The COGR is an
association of research universities. COGR's primary function is to help
develop policies and practices that fairly reflect the mutual interest
and separate obligations of federal agencies and universities in federal
research and training. COGR deals mainly with policies and technical
issues involved in the administration of federally sponsored programs
at universities. The Council concerns itself with the influence of government
regulations, policies and practices on the performance of research conducted
at colleges and universities. As part of this process, COGR provides
advice and information to its membership, and makes certain that federal
agencies understand academic operations and the burden their proposed
regulations might impose on colleges and universities."
Joint AAU/COGR Letter to Department of State on ITAR Regulatory Change,
January 2005. Joint AAU/COGR letter to Department of State on proposed
amendments to the ITAR to raise the registration fee and reduce the registration
renewal period for persons required to register under the ITAR.
COGR Issues: Export Controls.
Includes comment letters, presentations, position statements, 2000-2005
Summary of the ITAR dilemma (15 November 2000).
Prepared by the Council on Governmental Relations. Washington, DC, COGR, 15 November 2000.
Export
controls and universities: Information and case studies.
Prepared by the Council on Governmental Relations. Washington, DC,
COGR, 2003. This brochure attempts to provide relevant information
about export controls and how they affect the academic research enterprise.
It does not claim to be a manual of university research administration,
nor does it offer model policies.
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National Academy of Sciences
The Space Studies Board Quarterly Bulletin Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2002.
The Chair's column features a look at our history of international cooperation
and competition in space -- how policies, national and NASA's, have influenced
both. The Board Director's column looks at accomplishments and challenges,
one of which is the impact of export controls on scientific cooperation.
The Space Studies Board Quarterly Bulletin Volume 13, Issue
2, April-June 2002. In this issue, the Board Director's Column focuses
on export controls and their impact on international scientific cooperation.
Space
Studies BulletinVolume 11, Issue 1, March 2000. "Over
the past year the Space
Studies Board, and especially its
Committee on International Space Programs, has grown concerned
about the impact of evolving implementation of export control regulations
on the conduct of international space cooperation...."
Scientific
Communication and National Security
A report prepared by the Panel on Scientific Communication and National
Security Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy. National
Academy Press, 1982. "The Panel.....was asked to examine the various
aspects of the application of controls to scientific communication and
to suggest how to balance competing national objectives....." The text
is informative and provides a good overview. The appendixes are
of special interest covering voluntary restraints on research, historical
context of security concerns, role of foreign nationals in universities,
letter from five university presidents, correspondence between
State Department and University of Minnesota and M.I.T. restricting visitors.
National
Security Decision Directive 189 National Policy
on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information Issued
September 21, 1985 by President Ronald Reagan. "This directive establishes
national policy for controlling the flow of science, technology,
and engineering information produced in federally-funded fundamental
research at colleges, universities, and laboratories." The
policy defines fundamental research and restates that the mechanism
for control of information that might affect national security is
classification.
(Search for "transfer of scientific technical" under "Ronald
Reagan Library."
on the NARA search page)
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Stanford University
ITAR: Background
reading. Last updated June 6, 2001.
Faculty
Essay: Security restrictions on research: a case of déjà vu by
Donald Kennedy. Stanford Online Report, Issue of May 31, 2000. " It
is strange how often history repeats itself and stranger still how
often our memories fail to record its lessons....."
Satellite
research grounded: Stanford, other universities oppose regulatory
change
by Dawn Levy. Stanford Online Report, Issue of May 24, 2000. "Just one
sentence. That was all it took to ban a Stanford graduate student, who
is Chinese, from continuing his work with basic spacecraft control algorithms.
It was enough to prevent the world's expert in proton monitors, who is
Irish, from being in the same room as the equipment he designed when
American researchers bolted it onto a satellite. It prevented the signing
of a contract that would allow Japanese, Stanford and Lockheed researchers
to collaborate in studying the sun...."
Openness
in Research Research Policy Handbook (RPH) 2.6 (Originally
issued April 24, 1969; current version May 16, 1996). Stanford's
commitment to openness in research is expressed in this policy.
Public
meeting to discuss restrictions to noncitizen participation in research by
Dawn Levy. Stanford News, May 9, 2000. "Due in part to security
concerns at some government laboratories, federal jurisdiction for
satellite research recently has been moved from the Commerce Department's
export regulations to the State Department's International Traffic
in Arms Regulation (ITAR). This change creates concerns that
participation in some aspects of satellite-based research projects
could be limited to U.S. citizens, setting up a direct conflict with
the openness in research policies of most universities, including
Stanford...."
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Response
and Responsibility: Balancing Security and Openness in Research and
Education Report of the President For the Academic Year
2001-02. President Charles M. Vest's annual report for the academic
year 2001-02, which examines the balance that must be struck if the
United States is to remain secure against terrorism while maintaining
the openness necessary for research and education.
In
the Public Interest Report of the Ad Hoc Faculty Committee
on Access to and Disclosure of Scientific Information, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, June 2002. The committee was established
... to examine MIT’s policies dealing with restrictions on research,
such as those arising from classified or industry-sponsored research.
The committee’s work was done at a time of change in laws governing
access to materials and information and disclosure of research results
that followed the events of September 11, 2001. Restrictions on access
to select biological agents, the application of export control provisions
to university researchers, and a growing pressure totreat research
results as sensitive create a new landscape for faculty, students,
and MIT as an institution.
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United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
The US Citizenship
and Immigration Services oversees citizenship, asylum,
lawful permanent residency, employment authorization, refugee status,
inter-country adoptions, replacement immigration documents, family
and employment related immigration, and foreign student authorization.
The site includes: forms, laws, regulations, definitions, FAQs, reports
and studies, etc. For detailed information on types and availability
of immigrant and nonimmigrant visas to the United States, please
see the U.S. Department of State's website on
Visa Services.
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Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the Center
for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is dedicated to
providing world leaders with strategic insights on—and policy solutions
to—current and emerging global issues.
Preserving
America's strength in satellite technology: A report of the
CSIS satellite commission. Washington, DC, CSIS,
April 2002. The United States can no longer take its preeminence
in space for granted. A global market in commercial satellite services
and the appearance of new competitors in satellites and space create
an increasingly challenging environment. This study proposes new
policies to better manage commercial space for national security.
Letter
from National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice to CSIS
saying that the Administration intends to review NSDD-189 and update
the policy, but in the interim, it remains in effect and the NSC
will ensure that it is followed. 1 November 2001.
Military Export Control
Report:
Streamline System, Subject Munitions List to Annual Review
Press Release, 1 May 2001.
Technology
and security in the 21st century: U.S. military export control
reform: Executive summary Prepared by the Export
Control Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington,
DC, The Center, May 2001.
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Defense Technical Infomation Center (DTIC)
The Defense Technical
Information Center (DTIC®) is the central facility for the
collection and dissemination of scientific and technical information
for the Department of Defense (DoD).
Export
Control Reference Materials on the Internet Includes:
links to databases, federal agencies, EAR, ITAR, CRF, Certified Contractor
Access List (CCAL), Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL),
Wassenaar Arrangement, Federation of American Scientists (FAS).
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Additional Resources
State Department needs to conduct assessments to identify and address inefficiencies and challenges in the arms export process
Report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives describing "recent trends in the processing of arms export cases and [identifying] factors that have contributed to these trends. Washginton, DC, Government Accountability Office, November 2007. GAO-08-89.
Science and security in a post 9/11 world: A report based on regional discussions between the science and security communities. Prepared by the Committee on a New Government-University Partnership for Science and Security, National Research Council. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2007.
Balancing scientific
publication and national security concerns: Issues for Congress
Dana A. Shea, Consultant, Resources, Science and Industry Division. Report
for Congress, received through the CRS Web, Order Code RL31695. Library
of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 10 January 2003.
Export
controls: State and Commerce Department license review times
are similar
Briefing report to the Chairman and Ranking member, Subcommittee on Readiness
and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington,
DC, United States General Accounting Office, June 2001. GAO-01-528.
Results of
the ESS-ESF study on the future of international collaboration in
space science
Prepared by the European Space Science Committee (ESSC)
and the European Science Foundation (ESF). Strasbourg, France, ESF, November
2000. "Current application of ITAR in the USA is having an increasingly
detrimental impact on international scientific collaboration...(p.11)" and "A
more recent and growing concern is the evolving implementation of export
control regulations on the conduct of international space cooperation...(p.5)"
Relyea, Harold. Silencing science: National security controls
and scientific communication. Norwood, NJ, Ablex Publishing,
1994. xvii, 248p. Available on campus.
Science, technology, and national security: A report. Prepared
by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Washington,
D.C., The Council, [1992]. Available on campus.
Scientific communications and national security: Hearing
before the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology and the
Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science
and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress,
second session, May 24, 1984. Washington, U.S. G.P.O., 1984. iii,
184p. Available on campus.
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The Chronicle of Higher Education
Government must ease security restrictions on university research, says National Academies Panel by Richard Monastersky. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 19 October 2007. (http://chronicle.com/ requires password)
Commerce Department Will Form Panel to Recommend Changes in Export-Control Law by Kelly Field. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 15 May 2006. (http://chronicle.com/ requires password)
Commerce Department Will Drop Some but Not All Restrictions on Foreign Researchers, Colleges Are Told by Kelly Field. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 17 January 2006 (http://chronicle.com/ requires password)
Proposed Federal Rules on Equipment Licenses forForeign Researchers Would Be Costly, Scientists Say by Kelly Field. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 9 May 2005 (http://chronicle.com/ requires password)
Academy Tracks Visa Delays for International Scientists to Help
Ease Backlog by Michael Arnone. The Chronicle of Higher Education,
11 February 2004. (http://chronicle.com/
requires password).
Fewer foreign students enroll in U.S. programs this summer,
survey finds by Jeffrey R. Young. The Chronicle of Higher
Education, 18 June 2003. (http://chronicle.com/ requires
password).
Closing the gates: Special report Contents: A Student
under suspicion, An adviser bound in red tape, Alarm bell in the library,
Many research projects have been delayed or disabled by strict U.S. visa
policies. The Chronicle of Higher Education, v.XLIX, no.31, 11 April
2003, ppA12-A25. (http://chronicle.com/ requires
password).
Kept out: Foreign students find it a difficult year to win the
State Department's favor by aniel Walfish. The Chronicle of
Higher Education, v.XLIX, no.12, 15 November 2002, p.A40.
(http://chronicle.com/
requires password).
Colleges see more federal limits on research by Anne
Marie Borrego. The Chronicle of Higher Education, v.XLIX, no.10, 1 November
2002, p.A24. (http://chronicle.com/ requires
password).
Publish and perish? As the nation fights terrorists, scientists
weigh the risks of releasing sensitive information by Richard
Monastersky. The Chronicle of Higher Education, v.XLIX, no.7, 11 October
2002, ppA16-A19. (http://chronicle.com requires
password).
National Academies leaders say vague White House policies could
set back science and ecurity by Elizabeth F. Farrell. The
Chronicle of Higher Education
Protecting university research amid national-security fears by
Eugene B. Skolnikoff. The Chronicle of Higher Education, v.XLVIII, no.35,
10 May 2002, ppB10-B12. (http://chronicle.com/ requires
password).
New satellite regulations still pose problems for scientists by
Ron Southwick. The Chronicle of Higher Education, v., no., 18 April
2002, p. (http://chronicle.com/,
requires password)
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Space News
Officials say ITAR changes don't solve the big problems, by Colin Clark. Space News, v.19, no.4, January 28, 2008.
GAO report criticizes export licensing process, by Colin Clark. Space News, v.19, no.1, January 7, 2008, p.7.
NASA needs export exemption. Editorial. Space News, v.18, no.12, March 26, 2007, p.26.
Former U.S. export official says ITAR rules need complete overhaul, by Peter B. de Selding. Space News, v.18, no.8, February 26, 2007, p.6.
Scientists: ITAR still hinders cooperation. Space News, v.18, no.5, February 5, 2007, p.3
GCC satellite procurement will push export envelope, by Peter B. de Selding. Space News, v.17, no.44, November 13, 2006, p.A6.
Defense Science Board examining impact of U.S. export controls, by Colin Clark. Space News, v.17, no.42, October 30, 2006, p.A5.
Export control policy hampering U.S. competitiveness.
(Editorial). Space News, v.16, no.25, June 27, 2005, p.19.
European satellite component maker says it is dropping U.S. components because of ITAR.
Space News, v.16, no.23, June 13, 2005, p.6.
NASA to help Europeans navigate export regime. Space
News, v.16, no.7, 21 February 2005, p.10.
Europeans begin funding development of alternatives to U.S.
satellite components by Peter B. de Selding. Space News, v.16, no.6, 14 February
2004, p.1.
U.S. export controls receive mixed response from Europe: Two
satellite manufacturers take different approaches to use of U.S. components by
Peter B. de Selding. Space News, v.15, no.6, 9 February 2004, p.1.
Arabsat credits tough U.S. export rules in decision to choose
EADS by Peter B. de Selding. Space News, v.14, no.41, 20 October
2003, p.1.
U.S.-built components banned from Galileo Program: Blaming export
laws, Europeans start replacing trusted hardware suppliers by
Peter B. de Selding. Space News, v.14, no.13, 31 March 2003, p.3.
Visa problems shut many out of World Space Congress
by Peter B. de Selding. Space News, v.13, no.40, 21 October 2002, p.15.
State Department likely to keep export authority
by Jeremy Singer. Space News, v.13, no.19, 13 May 2002, p.8.
Sensible export policies
Editorial. Space News, v.13, no.17, 29 April 2002, p.12.
Report says export policies damaging U.S. satellite industry
by Jeremy Singer. Space News, v.13, no.17, 29 April 2002, p.
Satellite exports on White House agenda: Industry hopeful
commercial satellites will be removed from U.S. munitions
list
Space News, v.13, no.12, 25 March 2002, p.1.
Satellite provision dropped from export reform bill
Space News, v.13, no.10, 11 March 2001, p.4.
Push for U.S. arms export reform gains momentum
Space News, v.13, no.7, 18 February 2002, p.4.
AIA: U.S. export law still hurting space industry
by Sam Silverstein. Space News, v.12 no.48, 17 December 2001, p.20.
U.S. ready to loosen regulations on research craft
by Brian Berger. Space News, v.12 no.48, 17 December 2001, p.8.
Changing U.S. priorities take steam out of satellite export
legislation
by Sam Silverstein. Space News, v.12, no.39, 15 October 2001, p.8.
Bill
shifts oversight of U.S. satellite exports by Amy Svitak,
Special to Space News, posted: 10:36 am ET, 06 August 2001.
(http://www.space.com/spacenews/ requires
password).
Satellite export legislation may wait until next year by
Jeremy Singer and Amy Svitak. Space News, 2 July 2001.
America's eroding industry Space News, 2 July 2001,
p.14. " While there are many factors responsible for the erosion
of U.S. market share in the satellite manufacturing business, there should
be no doubt that the cumbersome American satellite export licensing process
is a significant problem..."
Critics assail DoC failure to enforce missile export rules by
Amy Svitak. Space News, 2 July 2001.
AsiaSat cites export rules in not buying U.S. satellite Space
News, 25 June 2001, p.6.
Satellite export bill gains key republican co-sponsor but Committee's
Chairman could be major roadblock by Stew
Magnuson. Space News, 7 May 2001, p.1.
GAO report attacks industry claims of slow export license process by
Amy Svitak. Space News, 7 May 2001, p.28. (See
GAO-01-528).
Tough U.S. export laws hinder space research by Brian
Berger. Space News, 22 May 2000, p.1.
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Nature and Science
New rules ease scientific exchange
by Yudhijit Bhattacharjee. Science v. 307, no.5712, 18 February 2005,
p.1023.
(http://www.sciencemag.org/ requiries license).
VISA clampdown hits home at US universities
by Kendall Powell. Nature v.420, no.6914, 28 November, p.349.
(http://www.nature.com/ requires
license).
Britain failing to bar risky students
by Natasha McDowell. Nature, v.420, no.6914, 28 November, p.349.
(http://www.nature.com/ requires
license).
Rules eased on satellite projects
by Andrew Lawler. Science, v.296,
no.5566, 12 April 2002, pp237-238.
Security restrictions lead foreign students to snub US universities
Admissions down by as much as a third
by Brumfiel, Geoff. Nature, v.431,
no.7006, 16 September 2004, pp229-384.
US universities up in arms over licence plans for foreign staff
by Brumfiel, Geoff. Nature,
v.431, 7 October 2004, p615.
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Other
John Marburger speaks on science and security at Industrial
Physics Forum
FYI: The AIP Bulletin of Science Policy News, FYI Number 133,
6 December 2002.
Government to boost scrutiny of foreigners studying science
Issues in Science and Technology, v.XVIII, no.4, Summer 2002, p23.
Making sense of government information restrictions
by Steven Aftergood. issues in Science and Technology, v.XVIII, no.4,
Summer 2002, pp25-26.
Research universities in the new security environment
by M.R.C. Greenwood and Donna Gerardi Riordan. Issues in Science and
Technology, v.XVIII, no.4, Summer 2002, pp35-39.
Science and security at risk
by John J. Hamre. Issues in science and Technology, v.XVIII, no.4, Summer
2002, pp51-57.
State Department
Issues ITAR Amendment
FYI: The AIP Bulletin of Science Policy News, FYI Number 38, April
3, 2002.
Boehlert,
Hall letter on regulation of research satellites
FYI: The AIP Bulletin of Science Policy News, FYI Number 111,
31 August 2001.
"...regulation of research satellites under the State Department's International
Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) has generated concern within the scientific
community and among Members of Congress..."
ITAR regulation
of research satellites generates concern
FYI: The AIP Bulletin of Science Policy News, FYI Number 110, 30 August
2001.
" ...Astronomers and other scientists who rely on such satellites are concerned
about the impact of these regulations on fundamental research, particularly on
international collaborations..."
National labs target college campuses
by Carole Hedden. Aviation Week & Space Technology v.155, no.6,
6 August 2001, p.64.
Some lawmakers urging U.S. to speed exports of satellites
by Christopher Marquis. New York Times, Monday, 8 July 2001, p.A7.
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Legislative Information
THOMAS: Legislative Information
on the Internet
Produced by the Library of Congress. Find and monitor legistlation, read
the Congressional Record, committee information, etc.
Capitol Spotlight
from C-SPAN and Congressional Quarterly. A new political resource
for web users dedicated to reporting on key votes on Capitol Hill. Go
to Bills
to Watch for updates on House and Senate action on Export Administration
Reauthorization. Released 4 September 2001.
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