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Galileo Net Flux Radiometer Experiment (GNFR)

1990s

Galileo Net Flux Radiometer: Dr. Lawrence Sromovsky, Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, was the principal investigator (PI) on the Galileo Probe Net Flux Radiometer Experiment launched on 13 July 1995. Funding for the experiment was provided by NASA’s Office of Space Science Applications.

The Galileo mission consisted of two spacecraft: an orbiter and a probe. The probe was the first to enter the atmosphere of one of the outer planets. Released from the orbiter on 13 July 1995 with an arrival of 07 December 1995, the probe had as its scientific objectives to: (1) determine the chemical composition of the Jovian atmosphere; (2) characterize the structure of the atmosphere to a depth of at least 10 bars; (3) investigate the nature of cloud particles and the location and structure of cloud layers; (4) examine the Jovian radiative heat balance; (5) study the nature of Jovian lightning activity; and, (6) measure the flux of energetic charged particles down to the top of the atmosphere. The probe was 1.25 m in diameter and 0.86 m in height. It was comprised of two major segments: a deceleration module and a descent module.

From National Space Science Data Center, NSSDC ID: 1989-084E

Investigators

Related Websites

Publications

  • Sromovsky, L. A. Interpretation of radiative energy fluxes in Jupiter’s atmosphere. Summary of research on NAG5-8057. Period of performance: 2-1-99 through 7-31-02. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 2002. 5p. Final report. UW SSEC Publication No.02.12.S1.

  • Sromovsky, Lawrence A. Galileo Net Flux Radiometer data analysis. Final report to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on Grant NAG2-1028, performance period: 1 April 1996 through 30 June 1998. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1999. 4p., attachments. UW SSEC Publication No.99.04.S1.

  • Sromovsky, Lawrence A. Scientific and technical support for the Galileo net flux radiometer experiment. Performance period: 1 January 1990 through 30 November 93. A final report to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett, Field, CA on Grant NCC 2-679. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1994. 20p. UW SSEC Publication No.94.06.S1.

  • Sromovsky, Lawrence A. Scientific and technical support for the Galileo Net Flux Radiometer Experiment: Performance period 1 December 1993 through 30 November 1996. A final report to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center on Grant NCC 2-854. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1997. 10p. UW SSEC Publication No.97.03.S1.

  • Limaye, Sanjay S. Galileo probe update. Madison Skies v.1, no.4, 1996. Reprint #3045.

  • Orton, G.; Ortiz, J. L.; Baines, K; Bjoraker, G.; Carsenty, U.; Colas, F.; Dayal, A.; Derning, D.; Drossart, Pl; Frappa, E.; Friedson, J.; Goguen, J.; Golisch, W.; Griep, D.; Hernandez, C.; Hoffmann, W.; Jennings, D.; Kaminishi, C.; Kuhn, J.; Laques, P.; Limaye, S.; Lin, H.; Lecacheux, J.; Martin, T.; McCabe, G.; Mornary, T.; Parker, D.; Puetter, R.; Ressle, M.; Reyes, G.; Sada, Pl; Spencer, J.; Spitale, J.; Stewart, S.; Varsik. J.; Warell, J.; Wild, W.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P.; Fazio, G.; Hora, J., and Deutsch, L. Earth-based observations of the Galileo probe entry site. Science v.272, no.5263, 1996, pp839-840. Reprint #2267.

  • Sromovsky, L. A.; Best, F. A.; Collard, A. D.; Fry, P. M.; Revercomb, H. E.; Freedman, R. S.; Orton, G. S.; Hayden, J. L.; Tomasko, M. G., and Lemmon, M. T. Solar and thermal radiation in Jupiter’s atmosphere: Initial results of the Galileo probe Net Flux Radiometer. Science v.272, no.5263, 1996, pp851-854.Reprint #2268

  • Sromovsky, L. A.; Best, F. A.; Revercomb, H. E., and Hayden, J. Galileo Net Flux Radiometer experiment. Space Science Reviews v.60, 1992, pp233-262. Reprint #1289

  • Sromovsky, L. A.; Collard, A. D.; Fry, P. M.; Orton, G. S.; Lemmon, M. T.; Tomasko, M. G., and Freedman, R. S. Galileo probe measurements of thermal and solar radiation fluxes in the Jovian atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research v.103, no.E10, 1998, pp22929-22977. Reprint #2641.

  • Sromovsky, L. A. and Fry, P. M. Jupiter’s cloud structure as constrained by Galileo Probe and HST observations. Icarus v.157, 2002, pp373-400. Reprint #3579.

Images

  • Galileo orbiter bound for Jupiter, artist illustration

    NASA

  • Galileo spacecraft being assembled

    NASA

  • Galileo spacecraft’s atmospheric probe

    NASA

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