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FGGE: First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE)

1973-mid 1980s

The goal of FGGE was to gather the most detailed observations ever of the global atmosphere. The experiment included four main objectives: 1)To obtain a better understanding of atmospheric motion for the development of more realistic models for extended range forecasting, general circulation studies and climate; 2)To asses the ultimate limit of predictability of weather systems; 3)To develop more powerful methods for assimilation of meteorological observations and, in particular, for using non-synchronous data as a basis for predicting the large-scale motion and,4)To design an optimum composite meteorological observing system for routing numerical weather prediction of the larger-scale features of the general circulation.

From US Plan for Participation in FGGE

Dr. Verner E. Suomi served as Chairman of the U.S. Committee for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) and Dr. Donald Johnson served as Chairman of the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) Advisory Panel and the FGGE Workshop Organizing Committee. Numerous SSEC scientists participated in various phases of the program.

Investigators

Related Websites

Publications

  • Ackerman, Steven A. and Cox, Stephen K. Radiative energy budget estimates for the 1979 southwest summer monsoon. National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, pp171-174. Reprint #3660.

  • Ackerman, Steven A. and Cox, Stephen K. Satellite observations of convection during the summer monsoon of 1979. National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, pp175-177. Reprint #2698.

  • Ackerman, Steven A.; Smith, Eric A.; Vonder Haar, Thomas H.; Smith, W. L.; Herman, L. D.; Schreiner, T.; Howell, H. B., and Menzel, P. Regional radiative characteristics during the southwest summer monsoon. International Convergence on Early Results of FGGE and Large-Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp6-27 – 6-29. Reprint #1296.

  • Chatters, G. C. The satellite image wind system. Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space: Their Contribution to the First GARP Global Experiment, Philadelphia, PA, 8-10 June 1976. Proceedings. Boulder, CO, COSPAR, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1976, pp195-197. Reprint #2195.

  • Cox, Stephen K. and Ackerman, Steven A. Radiative components of Saudi Arabian Peninsula heat low. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(6-3)-(6-7). Reprint #1300.

  • FGGE data management plan. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP), Global Weather Experiment, 1978. Various paging. QC/869/F44/I47/no.3.

  • The First GARP Global Experiment: Objectives and plans. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP), 1973. xxxvi, 107p. QC/869/F44/G632/1973.

  • Greaves, James R.; DiMego, G.; Smith, W. L., and Suomi, V. E. A ‘special effort’ to provide improved sounding and cloud-motion wind data for FGGE. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society v.60, no.2, 1979, pp124-127. Reprint #34.

  • Hayden, Christopher M.; Smith, William L., and Woolf, Harold M. Moisture fields derived with high resolution satellite soundings from Tiros-N and NOAA-6. International Conference on Preliminary FGGE Data Analysis and Results, Bergen, Norway, 23-27 June 1980. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp51. Reprint #1796.

  • Herman, G. F; Walsh, J. E.; Raymond, W. H.; Schlesinger, R. E., and Ross, B. Observing system sensitivities in the North Atlantic during FGGE. Monthly Weather Review v.114, no.11, 1986, pp2133-2153. Reprint #508.

  • Hinton, B. B. and Wylie, D. P. Estimates of sea surface stress for Summer MONEX from cloud motions. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(9-29)-(9-33). Reprint #928.

  • Hoerling, Martin P. and Johnson, D. R. On the maintenance of the semi-permanent centers of action during January 1979. National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, pp91-93. Reprint #684.

  • Horn, Lyle H.; Koehler, Thomas L., and Whittaker, Linda M. The use of available potential energy to evaluate the impact of satellite data on numerical model analysis during FGGE. Monthly Weather Review v.116, no.1, 1988, pp38-47. Reprint #2095.

  • Johnson, D. R.; Townsend, R. D.; Wei, M. Y., and Selin, R. D. The global structure of energy transport within thermally-forced planetary scale mass circulations. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(3-27)-(3-34). Reprint #1301.

  • Johnson, Donald R. and Townsend, R. D. Diagnostics of the heat sources and sinks of the Asiatic monsoon and the thermally-forced planetary scale response. Presented at GARP-FGGE International Conference on Preliminary FGGE Data Analysis and Results, Bergen, Norway, 23-27 June 1980. (unable to verify publication), n.d. Reprint #307.

  • Johnson, Donald R. and Townsend, Ronald D. Diagnostics of the heat sources and sinks of the Asiatic monsoon and the thermally-forced planetary scale response. International Conference on Preliminary FGGE Data Analysis and Results, Bergen, Norway, 23-27 June 1980. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp523-533. Reprint #1795.

  • Johnson, Donald R. and Wei, Ming-Ying. The planetary distribution of heat sources and sinks during FGGE. National Workshop on the Global Weather Experiment: Current Achievements and Future Directions, 1st, Woods Hole, MA, 9-20 July 1984. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1985, pp299-316. Reprint #1202.

  • Johnson, Donald R. The global circulation during the FGGE year: On the balance of mass, energy, and angular momentum within isentropic and isobaric coordinates as revealed by different FGGE data sets. Seminar on Progress in Diagnostic Studies of the Global Atmospheric Circulation as a Result of the Global Weather Experiment, Helsinki, Finland, 29-31 August 1984 (GARP SR No.42). Geneva, Switzerland, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1985, pp(II)28-(II)48. Reprint #943.

  • Johnson, Donald R. Thermally forced energy transport and kinetic energy generation in relation to planetary monsoonal circulations. National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, pp155-158. Reprint #687.

  • Koehler, Thomas L., Nelson, James P., and Horn, Lyle H. An evaluation of a physical retrieval method used in the NES operational sounding processing during FGGE. In Evaluation of alternative retrieval methods for TIROS-N and NOAA-6 soundings, Final report (NOAA Grant NA811AA-D-0087). Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Meteorology, 1986, pp26-46. UW MET Publication No.86.07.H1.

  • Koehler, Thomas L.; Seman, Charles J.; Nelson, James P. III, and Horn, Lyle H. An evaluation of alternatives to the retrieval methods used in processing FGGE level II TIROS-N soundings. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology v.26, no.8, 1987, pp927-942. Reprint #1368.

  • Langland, Rolf Harold. Water vapor transport over North America and the Central American seas during the FGGE year. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Meteorology, 1984. 91p. M.S. thesis. UW MET Publication No.84.08.L1.

  • LeBlanc, Anne Marie. An objective technique for the analysis of cloud populations. In Development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment: Final report on NASA contract NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1981, pp221-275. UW SSEC Publication No.81.11.S1.

  • Limaye, Sanjay S. and Wylie, Donald P. Two dimensional Fourier analysis of satellite images. In Development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment: Final report on NASA contract NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1981, pp180-193. UW SSEC Publication No.81.11.S1.

  • Limaye, Sanjay S. Small scale convection: An experiment in cloud advection. In Development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment: Final report on NASA contract NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1981, pp56-67. UW SSEC Publication No.81.11.S1.

  • Martin, David W. and Lam, Jennifer. TIROS-N soundings and radiation parameters for Winter MONEX. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(10-3)-(10-6). Reprint #918.

  • Masutani, Michiko and Johnson, D. R. On the estimation of available potential energy. National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, pp106-109. Reprint #685.

  • Min, Kyung Duck and Horn, Lyle H. Available potential energy in the northern hemisphere during the FGGE year. Tellus v.34, no.6, 1982, pp526-539. Reprint #184.

  • Min, Kyung Duck. Available potential energy in the Northern Hemisphere during the FGGE year. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Meteorology, 1981. 114p. Ph.D. thesis. UW MET Publication No.81.08.M1.

  • Mosher, F. R. Cloud height determination. Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space: Their Contribution to the First GARP Global Experiment, Philadelphia, PA, 8-10 June 1976. Proceedings. Boulder, CO, COSPAR, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1976, pp201-204. Reprint #1410.

  • Mosher, Frederick R. and Wylie, Donald P. Survey of user requirements and available data sources for rainfall estimation and cloud climatologies. In Development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment: Final report on NASA contract NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1981, pp6-46. UW SSEC Publication No.81.11.S1.

  • Mosher, Frederick R. Intercomparison of FGGE cloud tracked winds. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981 Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(2-14)-(2-19) Reprint #181.

  • Mosher, Frederick R. Line segment histograms as part of the real-time satellite-derived cloud climatology. In Development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment: Final report on NASA contract NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1981, pp276-287. UW SSEC Publication No.81.11.S1.

  • Mosher, Frederick R. Visible flux variations across finite clouds. In Development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment: Final report on NASA contract NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 81, pp68-179. UW SSEC Publication No.81.11.S1.

  • Schaack, Todd K. and Johnson, D. R. Three dimensional diabatic heating rates during FGGE. National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, pp151-154. Reprint #686.

  • Sikdar, Khirendra N. and Martin, David W. Satellite observed cloud fields in relation to the onset of southwest monsoon over India in 1979. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva , World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(13-25)-(13-30). Reprint #901.

  • Smith, W. L.; Herman, L. D.; Schreiner, T.; Howell, H. B., and Menzel, P. Radiation budget characteristics of the onset of the summer monsoon. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(6-16)-(6-26). Reprint #1297.

  • Smith, William L. Satellite observed thermodynamics during FGGE. National Workshop on the Global Weather Experiment, 1st, Woods Hole, MA, 9-20 July 1984, V. 2, Part 1. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1985, pp3-18. Reprint #556.

  • Smith, William L. The Nimbus 6 sounding experiment – A prototype of the satellite sounding system during the FGGE. JOC Study Group Conference on Four-dimensional Data Assimilation, Proceedings, Paris, 17-21 November 1975. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP), Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, 1976, pp6-25. Reprint #933.

  • The special effort processing of FGGE data. Final report on Contract NAS5-26540. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1983. 3p. UW SSEC Publication No.83.02.S1.

  • Stewart, Tod R. and Hayden, Christopher M. A FGGE water vapor wind data set. NASA Symposium on Global Wind Measurements, Columbia, MD, 29 July-1 August 1985. Hampton, VA, A. Deepak Publishing, 1985, pp119-122. Reprint #362.

  • Suchman, David and Martin, D. W. Wind sets from SMS images: An assessment of quality for GATE. Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space: Their Contribution to the First GARP Global Experiment, Philadelphia, PA, 8-10 June 1976. Proceedings. Boulder, CO, COSPAR, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1976, pp205-207. Reprint #1409.

  • Suomi, Verner E., Mosher, F. R., and Wylie, D. P. Final report on phase I of development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment. Contract report on NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1977. 36p. UW SSEC Publication No.77.04.S1.

  • Suomi, Verner E. Wind determination from geostationary satellites. Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space: Their Contribution to the First GARP Global Experiment, Philadelphia, PA, 8-10 June 1976. Proceedings. Boulder, CO, COSPAR, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1976, pp188. Reprint #1412.

  • Suomi, Verner E and Wylie, D. P. A comparison of FGGE wind observations in the tropics with general circulation model similarities. Final project report to National Aeronautics and Space Agency, Grant NAG 5-301, 1 April 1983 to 31 March 1984. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1984. 22p. UW SSEC Publication No.84.10.S1.

  • Suomi, Verner E. The impact of meteorological satellites on FGGE. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981 Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(1-4)-(1-10). Reprint #1302.

  • Suomi, Verner E., Mosher, F. R., Wylie, D. P., Chu, J-H, Limaye, S. S., LeBlanc, A. M., and Condella, V. D. Development of satellite image processing techniques for the First GARP Global Experiment: Final report on NASA contract NAS5-23462. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1981. 363p. UW SSEC Publication No.81.11.S1.

  • Townsend, Ronald D. and Johnson, Donald R. The mass and angular momentum balance of the zonally-averaged global circulation. International Conference on Preliminary FGGE Data Analysis and Results, Bergen, Norway, 23-27 June 1980. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp542-552. Reprint #1798.

  • Townsend, Ronald D. and Johnson, Donald R. A diagnostic study of the isentropic zonally averaged mass circulation during the first GARP global experimentation. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences v.42, no.15, 1985, pp1565-1579. Reprint #669.

  • U.S. plan for participation in FGGE (First GARP Global Experiment). Greenbelt, MD, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, 1975. Various paging. QC/869/F44/U55/1975.

  • Virji, Hassan. Seasonal circulations over the Indian Ocean during FGGE from geostationary satellite data. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(3-16)-(3-21). Reprint #1814.

  • Wei, M. Y.; Johnson, D. R., and Townsend, R. D. The structure of the planetary scale diabatic processes for the atmosphere during FGGE. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(3-35)-(3-42). Reprint #147.

  • Wei, Ming-Ying and Schaack, Todd K. Seasonal distributions of mountain torques during FGGE. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences v.41, no.20, 1984, pp3032-3039. Reprint #770.

  • Wei, Ming-Ying; Johnson, D. R., and Townsend, R. D. Seasonal distributions of diabatic heating during the First GARP Global Experiment. Tellus v.35A, no.4, 1983, pp241-255. Reprint #303.

  • Wylie, Donald B.; Hassan, Virji, and Young, John A. Observations and analyses of Indian Ocean GOES winds during the summer monsoon. International Conference on Preliminary FGGE Data Analysis and Results, Bergen, Norway, 23-27 June 1980. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp52-64. Reprint #1797.

  • Wylie, Donald P. and Hinton, B. B. A comparison of cloud motion and ship wind observations over the Indian Ocean for the year of FGGE. Boundary Layer Meteorology v.23, no.2, 1982, pp197-208. Reprint #159.

  • Wylie, Donald P. and Hinton, B. B. Factors affecting boundary-layer wind shear over the Indian Ocean during FGGE. Boundary-Layer Meteorology v.28, no.3/4, 1984, pp391-407. Reprint #586.

  • Wylie, Donald P., Hinton, B. B., and Howland, M. R. Wind stress on the tropical oceans during the year of FGGE. Final technical report. A report to the National Science Foundation for Grant ATM-19895, University of Wisconsin Account 144 R041. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1984. Various paging. UW SSEC Publication No.84.10.W1.

  • Wylie, Donald P.; Hinton, B. B., and Howland, M. Surface wind observations from cloud motions during FGGE. Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Newsletter v.18, no.1983, pp2-4. Reprint #233.

  • Young, J. T. Navigation of geostationary images. Symposium on Meteorological Observations from Space: Their Contribution to the First GARP Global Experiment, Philadelphia, PA, 8-10 June 1976. Boulder, CO, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 1976, pp198-200. Reprint #268.

  • Young, John A. Cross-equatorial and boundary layer exchange: A FGGE review. National Workshop on the Global Weather Experiment: Current Achievements and Future Directions, 1st, Woods Hole, MA, 9-20 July 1984. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1985, pp495-513. Reprint #1204.

  • Young, John A. Equatorial surface fields and dynamics during FGGE. Presented at National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986. Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, manuscript not available for publication. Reprint #689.

  • Young, John A. Impact of FGGE and satellite data on short-range forecasting in the tropics. Lectures delivered at the Training Seminar on the Use of Meteorological Data with Implications for Forecasting and Research in Tropical Countries, Reading, UK, 7-11 September 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1985, pp55-62. Reprint #1961.

  • Young, John A. Low-level summer monsoon circulations. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(5-4)-(5-11). Reprint #1298.

  • Young, John A. Summer MONEX – Oceanographic results. International Conference on Early Results of FGGE and Large Scale Aspects of its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, FL, 12-17 January 1981. Geneva, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1981, pp(9-1)-(9-3). Reprint #3661.

  • Zapotocny, John and Horn, L. H. Relationships between available potential energy, kinetic energy and extratropical cyclones within limited regions of the Northern Hemisphere during the FGGE year. National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment, Miami, FL, 14-17 January 1986 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 1986, pp101-104. Reprint #691.

  • Zapotocny, John Victor. Relationships between available potential energy, kinetic energy and extratropical cyclones within limited regions of the northern hemisphere during the FGGE year. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Meteorology, 1985. 153p. Ph.D. thesis. UW MET Publication No.85.00.Z1.

  • Zautner, Jeffery H.; Whittaker, Linda M., and Horn, Lyle H. Northern Hemisphere kinetic energy during the first GARP global experiment year. Journal of Geophysical Research v.91, no.D7, 1986, pp7809-7815. Reprint #753.

  • Zautner, Jeffrey Harold. Kinetic energy in the northern hemisphere during the FGGE year. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Meteorology, 1983. 72p. M.S. thesis. UW MET Publication No.83.05.Z1.

Images

  • Verner E. Suomi during a 1977 press conference.

    University of Wisconsin Archives

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